Summary:
Assessment of fluid and electrolyte properly in neonate is
very important but difficult. Fluid and electrolyte
homeostasis during this period depends on some factors
notably gestational age of baby, its postnatal age,
pathological conditions and environmental situation. In
fetus, water and electrolytes is constantly supplied from
mother, which is cut-off by delivery of the baby. Extracellular
fluid volume that is greater than intracellular fluid
volume in fetus precipitously decreases after birth.
Adaptation of fluid and electrolyte after birth is due to
discontinuation of placental exchange, onset of insensible
water loss, thermoregulation, autonomic renal regulation
and intake of fluid and other nutrients. The adaptation