Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a word wide public
health problem. Incidence and prevalence are rising
worldwide with poor outcome and high cost of
treatment. CKD is defined as kidney damage or decrease
in Glomerular filtration rate GFR below 60ml/min per
1.73 m2 for 3 months or more irrespective of cause with
or without kidney damage. Kidney damage is defined
by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney
with or without decreased GFR, manifested by either
pathological abnormalities or marker of kidney damage
such as abnormalities of blood, urine, or in the imaging
tests. Markers of kidney damage are proteinuria,
microalbuminuria, haematuria and presence of casts
with cellular elements.
Chronic kidney disease is classified in 5 stages based
on Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).