Summary:
Childhood type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increasingly
been reported worldwide. It is commonly associated with
childhood obesity.It may be presented with classical
manifestation of DM such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight
lossor acute complications like Diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA), Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) or
features of insulin resistance syndrome. Many a cases it
may remain asymptomatic and hence
undiagnosed.So,overweight children and adolescents who
met screening criteria such as family history of type 2 DM,
signs of insulin resistance, and high risk ethnics should
undergo screening. Emphasis should be given on early
diagnosis and optimum management plan to avoid grave
consequences of it in early part of life. Diagnosis of type 2
Diabetes Mellitus in children should be done on the basis
of standard diagnostic criteria such as American Diabetic
Association (ADA) criteria. Both non-pharmacological and
drug management are important equally. Multidisciplinary
team approach including self-management plan is
mandatory for obtaining optimal therapeutic goals of type
2 DM in children and adolescents. Lifestyle modification,
dietary intervention, weight reduction, patient education,
psychological support, and oral anti diabetic drugs and
insulin therapy should be included in comprehensive
diabetic management plan. Complications of type 2 DM
should be minimized by all means with strict glycemic
control and management of co-morbidity if any. Emphasis
should also be given on prevention of type 2 DM by adopting
a healthy lifestyle characterized by healthy eating behavior,
regular physical activity and subsequent modest weight loss
that can prevent the progression of impaired glucose
tolerance to clinical diabetes mellitus.
Key words:American Diabetic Association (ADA), Diabetic
Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
(HHS), Overweight, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM).
(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35: 24-30)